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            Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

            Trump-backed blank-check firm Digital World ousts CEO Patrick Orlando – New York Post

            Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

            Ukraine war live updates: Latest news on Russia and the war in Ukraine – CNBC

            Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

            ISOs Use Data and Service to Reframe Business Model and Merchant Value – PYMNTS.com

            Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

            Wacipi promotes “healing through education” at annual event – SDSU Collegian

            Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

            Do you know what's in your toothpaste? The chemicals you can't see – Cosmos

            Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

            Nancy Pelosi on How Women Can Succeed in Politics, Business – The Wall Street Journal

            Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

            Report of Wuhan Market Samples Found Covid and Raccoon Dog Genetic Material – The New York Times

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              Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

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              Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

              WHAT'S COOKING?: Carrots add pizzazz to any meal – The Times and Democrat

              Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

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              Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

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              Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

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              Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

              Look Back … to the exciting conclusion of the cooking school, 1948 – Yahoo News

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                Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

                Biden honors Springsteen, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Mindy Kaling – Geo News

                Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

                Chargers' Austin Ekeler prefers to stay in L.A., but 'relentlessly' seeking deal: 'I'm so underpaid right now' – CBS Sports

                Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

                Cameron Diaz 'is unlikely to return to Hollywood' – Yakima Herald-Republic

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                  Biden State of the Union address likely boosted Democrats' 2024 confidence – NPR

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                  Icebergs push back | EurekAlert! Science News

                  by Editor
                  May 27, 2021
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                  Icebergs push back | EurekAlert! Science News
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                  IMAGE: Scientists work on time-lapse cameras at the edge of Jakobshavn Isbræ in Greenland. The instrument on the right is one of ground-based radar interferometers used to record the movement of…
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                  Credit: Ryan Cassotto/CIRES

                  Shortly before Jakobshavn Isbræ, a tidewater glacier in Greenland, calves massive chunks of ice into the ocean, there’s a sudden change in the slushy collection of icebergs floating along the glacier’s terminus, according to a new paper led by the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at CU Boulder. The work, published in Nature Geoscience, shows that a relaxation in the thick aggregate of icebergs floating at the glacier-ocean boundary occurs up to an hour before calving events. This finding may help scientists better understand future sea-level rise scenarios and could also help them predict when major episodes of calving are about to occur.

                  In winter months, icebergs and sea ice accumulate within the fjord in front of Jakobshavn Isbræ, forming a frozen plug that prevents calving. The glacier can continue to flow into the fjord, intact, and advance dozens of meters each day. This accumulation of icy material, which scientists refer to as ice mélange, persists into the summer, but its shelf-like structure loses rigidity in the relative warmth, and it behaves more like individual icebergs jammed together in the fjord. Until now, no study has shown whether this type of late summer ice mélange can influence iceberg calving.

                  “It only takes a small bit of strain for the mélange to stretch or relax a little bit, and so it’s no longer an ice jam,” said Ryan Cassotto, a researcher in CIRES’ Earth Science and Observation Center and lead author of the new study.

                  To understand what was happening during these calving events, Cassotto and his colleagues took ground-based radar interferometers to Greenland in 2012 and set them up in Jakobshavn Isbræ’s proglacial fjord to record iceberg interactions every three minutes. They found that in between calving events, icebergs within the ice mélange moved together, flowing down the fjord as a single, cohesive unit.

                  But the movement of individual icebergs changed just before each of the 14 calving events that they observed–instead of flowing as a single, coherent unit, the ice mélange relaxed and icebergs began to move independently of each other.

                  “When the ice mélange relaxes, individual icebergs begin to rotate around, and when they begin to rotate around, the mélange loses its structure,” said Cassotto. “And when it loses its structure, it loses its ability to impede calving.”

                  To understand what was happening to the icebergs within the ice mélange during these events, the researchers used a particle dynamics model that simulates the movement of individual icebergs. They found that only a small downfjord expansion of the ice mélange was needed to trigger independent movement of the icebergs.

                  “As a gateway to the ocean, ice mélange can have a direct impact on future predictions of seal-level rise,” said Justin Burton, associate professor of physics at Emory University and co-author of the paper. “We’ve provided the best, most precise data ever showing the processes leading up to major calving events. That helps us understand the forces determining how much ice discharges into the ocean, and how fast it happens.”

                  The exact cause of such shifts is not yet clear, but changes in ocean tides, the subglacial discharge of meltwater, and winds may help explain the sudden relaxation of the thick aggregate of icebergs pushing back against the glacier.

                  This study is the first to show that an ice mélange largely free of sea ice can control the timing of calving, Cassotto said. It is also the first study in which researchers were able to observe granular scale changes in a material within the natural environment.

                  “Most studies of granular materials are conducted in laboratories,” said Jason Amundson, associate professor of geophysics at the University of Alaska Southeast and co-author of the paper. “These observations demonstrate that we can gain new insights into the behavior of granular materials by studying dense packs of icebergs, which represent some of the largest granular materials on Earth” The methods in this study could be used to predict failure in other geophysical materials, such as debris flow or landslides.

                  ###

                  Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.



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